Application Notes

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is currently ranked as the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and is the most common neurological disorder. Production and accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in the brain are a hallmark of AD. Among Aβ peptides of different lengths, Αβ(1-42) has the highest propensity to aggregate.

This work demonstrates the excellent potential of highly sensitive carboxyl-graphene oxide (carboxyl-GO) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor for the detection of lung cancer for cytokeratin 19 biomarker in human …

Glycogen is the primary storage form of glucose. Glycogen synthesis and breakdown are tightly controlled by glycogen synthase (GYS) and phosphorylase, respectively. The enzyme responsible for the process is protein …

Streptavidin (SA) sensor chips are commonly used for kinetic interactions of biotinylated ligands. Streptavidin is a tetrameric molecule with an extremely high affinity towards biotin and， because of its binding …

Protein-protein interactions are essential for many biochemical transformations and cellular processes. However, traditional methods of detecting these Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is capable of analyzing protein-protein interactions kinetically while consuming little protein sample and does not rely on absorbance/fluorescence properties of proteins. This application note describes the SPR analysis of label-free protein-protein interactions found in the mycofactocin biosynthetic pathway.

By combining SPR with electrochemical methods, many new capabilities and applications are now possible. This application note describes the measurement of apoptosis of cancer cells (HepG2) after treatment of Daunorubicin (DNR), an anti-cancer drug commonly used to treat specific types of leukemia.

A major advantage of SPR technology is that the detection does not require the analyte to be labeled, such as with a fluorescent molecule or a redox-active tag. This is because SPR directly detects changes in refractive index resulting from changes in mass at the sensor chip surface. For researchers interested in pharmacology and pharmacokinetics or in general pharmaceutical research or drug discovery, this capability of label-free detection is particularly attractive.

In 2008, the illegal adulteration of infant milk products with melamine (structure shown in FIG 1) led to an outbreak of adverse kidney and urinary effects in thousands of children in China.[1] Clandestine addition of melamine in milk products was to boost the detectable protein contents. Because of the severe impact of melamine on human health, the World Health Organization (WHO)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic signal protein biomarker produced by oxygen-hungry cells to stimulate the growth of blood vessels.[1] It binds to specialized receptors on the surfaces of endothelial cells and directs them to grow new blood vessels during embryonic development. Certain types of tumor cells produce abnormally large amounts of VEGF or block the action of angiogenesis inhibitors

Some biomolecules such as enzymes can exhibit much greater biological activities at physiological temperature (37.5 °C) or higher (e.g., DNA polymerase). The focus of this study is to screen for potential inhibitors of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). BACE1 is an enzyme that cleaves the transmembrane amyloid precursor protein to produce the amyloid beta